# PostgreSQL 7.2 Reference Manual

### The PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Copyright © 1996-2001 by The PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Table of Contents
Preface
I. SQL Commands
  ABORT -- abort the current transaction
  ALTER GROUP -- add users to a group or remove users from a group
  ALTER TABLE -- change the definition of a table
  ALTER USER -- change a database user account
  ANALYZE -- collect statistics about a database
  BEGIN -- start a transaction block
  CHECKPOINT -- force a transaction log checkpoint
  CLOSE -- close a cursor
  CLUSTER -- cluster a table according to an index
  COMMENT -- define or change the comment of an object
  COMMIT -- commit the current transaction
  COPY -- copy data between files and tables
  CREATE AGGREGATE -- define a new aggregate function
  CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER -- define a new constraint trigger
  CREATE DATABASE -- create a new database
  CREATE FUNCTION -- define a new function
  CREATE GROUP -- define a new user group
  CREATE INDEX -- define a new index
  CREATE LANGUAGE -- define a new procedural language
  CREATE OPERATOR -- define a new operator
  CREATE RULE -- define a new rewrite rule
  CREATE SEQUENCE -- define a new sequence generator
  CREATE TABLE -- define a new table
  CREATE TABLE AS -- create a new table from the results of a query
  CREATE TRIGGER -- define a new trigger
  CREATE TYPE -- define a new data type
  CREATE USER -- define a new database user account
  CREATE VIEW -- define a new view
  DECLARE -- define a cursor
  DELETE -- delete rows of a table
  DROP AGGREGATE -- remove a user-defined aggregate function
  DROP DATABASE -- remove a database
  DROP FUNCTION -- remove a user-defined function
  DROP GROUP -- remove a user group
  DROP INDEX -- remove an index
  DROP LANGUAGE -- remove a user-defined procedural language
  DROP OPERATOR -- remove a user-defined operator
  DROP RULE -- remove a rewrite rule
  DROP SEQUENCE -- remove a sequence
  DROP TABLE -- remove a table
  DROP TRIGGER -- remove a trigger
  DROP TYPE -- remove a user-defined data type
  DROP USER -- remove a database user account
  DROP VIEW -- remove a view
  END -- commit the current transaction
  EXPLAIN -- show the execution plan of a statement
  FETCH -- retrieve rows from a table using a cursor
  GRANT -- define access privileges
  INSERT -- create new rows in a table
  LISTEN -- listen for a notification
  LOAD -- load or reload a shared library file
  LOCK -- explicitly lock a table
  MOVE -- position a cursor on a specified row of a table
  NOTIFY -- generate a notification
  REINDEX -- rebuild corrupted indexes
  RESET -- restore the value of a run-time parameter to a default value
  REVOKE -- remove access privileges
  ROLLBACK -- abort the current transaction
  SELECT -- retrieve rows from a table or view
  SELECT INTO -- create a new table from the results of a query
  SET -- change a run-time parameter
  SET CONSTRAINTS -- set the constraint mode of the current transaction
  SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION -- set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session
  SET TRANSACTION -- set the characteristics of the current transaction
  SHOW -- show the value of a run-time parameter
  TRUNCATE -- empty a table
  UNLISTEN -- stop listening for a notification
  UPDATE -- update rows of a table
  VACUUM -- garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
II. PostgreSQL Client Applications
  createdb -- create a new PostgreSQL database
  createlang -- define a new PostgreSQL procedural language
  createuser -- define a new PostgreSQL user account
  dropdb -- remove a PostgreSQL database
  droplang -- remove a PostgreSQL procedural language
  dropuser -- remove a PostgreSQL user account
  ecpg -- embedded SQL C preprocessor
  pgaccess -- a graphical PostgreSQL client application
  pg_config -- retrieve information about the installed version of PostgreSQL
  pg_dump -- extract a PostgreSQL database into a script file or other archive file
  pg_dumpall -- extract all PostgreSQL databases into a script file
  pg_restore -- restore a PostgreSQL database from an archive file created by pg_dump
  psql -- PostgreSQL interactive terminal
  pgtclsh -- PostgreSQL Tcl shell client
  pgtksh -- PostgreSQL Tcl/Tk shell client
  vacuumdb -- garbage-collect and analyze a PostgreSQL database
III. PostgreSQL Server Applications
  initdb -- create a new PostgreSQL database cluster
  initlocation -- create a secondary PostgreSQL database storage area
  ipcclean -- remove shared memory and semaphores from an aborted PostgreSQL server
  pg_ctl -- start, stop, or restart a PostgreSQL server
  pg_passwd -- change a secondary PostgreSQL password file
  postgres -- run a PostgreSQL server in single-user mode
  postmaster -- PostgreSQL multiuser database server

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