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<refentry id="SQL-CREATEUSER">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle id="sql-createuser-title">
   CREATE USER
  </refentrytitle>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>
   CREATE USER
  </refname>
  <refpurpose>
   define a new database user account
  </refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <refsynopsisdivinfo>
   <date>2001-07-10</date>
  </refsynopsisdivinfo>
  <synopsis>
CREATE USER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">username</replaceable> [ [ WITH ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> [ ... ] ]

where <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> can be:
    
	  SYSID <replaceable class="PARAMETER">uid</replaceable> 
        | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">password</replaceable>'
        | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
        | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
        | IN GROUP <replaceable class="PARAMETER">groupname</replaceable> [, ...]
        | VALID UNTIL '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">abstime</replaceable>' 
  </synopsis>
  
  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEUSER-1">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-09-21</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Inputs
   </title>
   <para>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The name of the user.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">uid</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The <literal>SYSID</literal> clause can be used to choose
        the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user id of the user
        that is being created. It is not at all necessary that those
        match the <acronym>UNIX</acronym> user ids, but some people
        choose to keep the numbers the same.
       </para>
       <para>
        If this is not specified, the highest assigned user id plus one
	(with a minimum of 100) will be used as default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Sets the user's password. If you do not plan to use password
        authentication you can omit this option, but the user
        won't be able to connect to a password-authenticated server.
	The password can be set or changed later, using
	<xref linkend="SQL-ALTERUSER" endterm="SQL-ALTERUSER-title">.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>ENCRYPTED</term>
      <term>UNENCRYPTED</term>
      <listitem>
       <para> 
	These keywords control whether the
	password is stored encrypted in <literal>pg_shadow</>.  (If neither
	is specified, the default behavior is determined by the
	<varname>PASSWORD_ENCRYPTION</varname> server parameter.)
	If the presented string is already in MD5-encrypted format,
	then it is stored as-is, regardless of whether
	ENCRYPTED or UNENCRYPTED
	is specified.  This allows reloading of encrypted passwords
	during dump/restore.
	</para>
	<para>
        See the chapter on client authentication in the
	<citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for details on
        how to set up authentication mechanisms.  Note that older clients
	may lack support for the MD5 authentication mechanism that's needed
	to work with passwords that are stored encrypted.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>CREATEDB</term>
      <term>NOCREATEDB</term>
      <listitem>
       <para> 
	These clauses define a user's ability to create databases.
	If CREATEDB is specified, the user being defined will
	be allowed to create his own databases. Using NOCREATEDB
	will deny a user the ability to create databases. If this
	clause is omitted,  NOCREATEDB is used by default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term>CREATEUSER</term>
      <term>NOCREATEUSER</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	These clauses determine whether a user will be permitted to
	create new users himself. This option will also make the user
        a superuser who can override all access restrictions.
	Omitting this clause will set the user's value of this
	attribute to be NOCREATEUSER.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">groupname</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	A name of a group into which to insert the user as a new member.
	Multiple group names may be listed.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">abstime</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	The VALID UNTIL clause sets an absolute time after which the
	user's password is no longer valid. 
	If this clause is omitted the login will be valid for all time.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>
  
  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEUSER-2">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-09-21</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    Outputs
   </title>

   <para>
    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><computeroutput>CREATE USER</computeroutput></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Message returned if the command completes successfully.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect2>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEUSER-1">
  <refsect1info>
   <date>1998-09-21</date>
  </refsect1info>
  <title>
   Description
  </title>
  <para>
   <command>CREATE USER</command> will add a new user to an instance of 
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. Refer to the administrator's
   guide for information about managing users and authentication.
   You must be a database superuser to use this command.
  </para>
  <para>
   Use <xref linkend="SQL-ALTERUSER" endterm="SQL-ALTERUSER-title">
   to change a user's password and privileges, and <xref linkend="SQL-DROPUSER"
   endterm="SQL-DROPUSER-title"> to remove a user.
   Use <xref linkend="SQL-ALTERGROUP" endterm="SQL-ALTERGROUP-title">
   to add or remove the user from other groups.
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
   comes with a script <xref linkend="APP-CREATEUSER"
   endterm="APP-CREATEUSER-title">
   which has the same functionality as this command (in fact, it calls this command)
   but can be run from the command shell.
  </para>  
 </refsect1> 
 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEUSER-2">
  <title>
   Usage
  </title>
  <para>
   Create a user with no password:
<programlisting>
CREATE USER jonathan
</programlisting>
  </para>

  <para>
   Create a user with a password:
<programlisting>
CREATE USER davide WITH PASSWORD 'jw8s0F4';
</programlisting>
  </para>

  <para>
   Create a user with a password, whose account is valid until the end of 2001.
   Note that after one second has ticked in 2002, the account is not
   valid:

<programlisting>
CREATE USER miriam WITH PASSWORD 'jw8s0F4' VALID UNTIL 'Jan 1 2002';
</programlisting>
  </para>

  <para> 
   Create an account where the user can create databases:
<programlisting>
CREATE USER manuel WITH PASSWORD 'jw8s0F4' CREATEDB;
</programlisting>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 
 <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEUSER-3">
  <title>
   Compatibility
  </title>
  
  <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEUSER-4">
   <refsect2info>
    <date>1998-09-21</date>
   </refsect2info>
   <title>
    SQL92
   </title>

   <para>
    There is no <command>CREATE USER</command> statement in SQL92.
   </para>
  </refsect2>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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